Briefly describe the types of electric vehicle charging guns

The development of electric vehicle charging varies by region and use case. This creates a high level of complexity and a high number of part numbers for OEMs around the world. But for electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), including EV chargers, there are three common descriptions: mode, level, and type.

1. Pattern

These modes reflect several common types of EVSE connections to the grid:

(1) Mode 1 plugs into a household AC outlet but is generally not allowed in most areas due to the lack of special safety electronics.

(2) Plugs into a standard household AC outlet, these safety features are included in its Cable Control Box (ICCB).

(3) Plug into a wall box or charging station for AC charging. Excludes international commercial banks. In Europe, consumers usually need to bring their own Mode3 cables to use public AC charging stations.

(4) The charging station retains high-speed DC charging.

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2. Level

The rating represents the amount of electricity delivered to the vehicle. In the J1772 standard, the Society of Automotive Engineers specifies the following levels:

Level 1: Limited to 120V and 1.8kW, and provides basic charging.

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Level 2: Defined as 208V to 240V, maximum 80A, maximum output power 19.2kW. As battery sizes increase, OEMs are also increasing power levels in the range. Today, a typical pure electric vehicle can obtain 11kW of AC power from an onboard charger. Homes installed with three-phase power can achieve 11kW at 16A, while single-phase power needs to provide around 48A.

DC Level 1 and 2 provide fast charging and are only available at commercial charging stations. DCLevel2, often referred to as Level3, can provide up to 1000VDC and is expected to reach 500A in the future, with an output power exceeding 350kW. This speed can charge a typical electric car battery to about 80% in 20 minutes.

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3. Type

Type refers to the vehicle interface. Unfortunately, standards organizations do not support global standards. Therefore, three unique AC charging interfaces have appeared in the world:

Type J17721 AC and Type CCS1 DC are used in North America and Korea.

IECType2 is used for European alternating current, and CCS2 is used for direct current.

J1772Type1 Japan is for AC power and CHAdeMO is for DC power.

The GB/T interface is a unique DC interface in my country's AC.

In addition, China and Japan may adopt new superpolar standards.